Adderall is a prescription central nervous system stimulant composed of a combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine salts. It is primarily used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. By increasing the levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, Adderall enhances focus, attention, and impulse control. In individuals with ADHD, it often produces a “paradoxical calming effect” despite being a stimulant.
The medication is available in immediate-release (Adderall) and extended-release (Adderall XR, Mydayis) formulations. It is approved for use in children as young as 3 years old for ADHD and 12 years for narcolepsy. In 2023, it was the 15th most prescribed medication in the United States, with over 32 million prescriptions.
Adderall is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the U.S. due to its high potential for abuse and dependence. Common side effects include insomnia, dry mouth, loss of appetite, and increased heart rate. Serious risks include cardiovascular events, psychiatric symptoms (e.g., psychosis), and priapism.
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