Temazepam is a benzodiazepine medication primarily used for the short-term treatment of severe insomnia, particularly when characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. It works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity, leading to sedation, hypnosis, muscle relaxation, and anxiolysis.
Approved by the FDA in 1981 and available under the brand name Restoril (among others like Normison and Nortem), temazepam is taken orally and has a rapid onset of action—typically within 15 to 30 minutes. Its effects last up to 8 hours, making it suitable for both sleep induction and maintenance. The usual adult dose ranges from 7.5 to 30 mg, with lower starting doses recommended for elderly or debilitated patients.
Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, ataxia, headache, and impaired coordination. More serious risks include respiratory depression, paradoxical reactions (e.g., agitation, aggression), memory impairment (including anterograde amnesia), and complex sleep-related behaviors such as sleepwalking or sleep-driving. Due to its potential for abuse, dependence, and withdrawal, temazepam is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance in the U.S. and should not be stopped abruptly after prolonged use.
It is contraindicated with alcohol and opioids due to increased risk of fatal respiratory depression. Use during pregnancy is discouraged due to potential harm to the fetus.
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